PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

SUBJECT + HAD + VERB-pp + (Complements)

STATEMENT                   I had finished my homework
                                     She had gone home soon

                                     They had studied the whole lesson

NEGATION                     I had not finished my homework

                                    She had not gone home soon

                                    They had not studied the whole lesson

INTERROGATION            Had I finished my homework?

                                     Had she gone home soon?
                                     Had they studied the whole lesson?

TIME EXPRESSIONS:

·                    FOR / DURING / SINCE:

- FOR:        A period of time
 He had worked as a miner for six years

- DURING: A period of time defined by itself:
He had worked as a miner during the autumn

- SINCE:     A period of time extending into the present:
He had worked as a miner since he left school

 

·                    EVER / NEVER

- EVER:  To express at any time in the past until now:

Interrogative (ALGUNA VEZ):      Had you ever been to London?

Negative (NUNCA):                      I had not ever drunk gin

- NEVER: To express at no time (the opposite of ‘ever’):

 Affirmative (NUNCA):                 I had never been to London

 

·                  JUST: To express a recently completed action:

- JUST (ACABAR DE):          The children had just come from school

·                    ALREADY / YET

- ALREADY:     

Affirmative (YA):                They had already seen the film

- YET:                 

 Interrogative (YA):             Had you finished yet?

 Negative (AÚN / TODAVÍA): He had not finished his meal yet

 

·                    BEFORE / AFTER:

- BEFORE (ANTES):                 I had studied before I went out

- AFTER (DESPUÉS):                I went out after I had studied

·                    WHEN / BY THE TIME / AS SOON AS:

- WHEN (CUANDO):                   I had already eaten when he arrived

- BY THE TIME (PARA CUANDO): By the time I was seven, I had written two novels

- AS SOON AS (TAN PRONTO COMO): As soon as I had finished my dinner, the telephone rang.

·                    UNTIL (HASTA QUE): Until I was in London, I hadn’t visited a museum

USES:

·                    To talk about an action or activity that happened before another activity or time in the past: I had never eaten lobster until I was in Hawaii.

PAST SIMPLE PERFECT versus PAST SIMPLE

The most recent activity is in the Past Simple while the previous one is in the Past Perfect Simple: This morning, I washed my hair after I had eaten breakfast.

 

THERE BE

THERE BE

STATEMENT         NEGATION             INTERROGATION

PRESENT:

 

- SINGULAR  There is (There’s)    There is not (isn’t)        Is there?

- PLURAL    There are (There’re)  There are not (aren’t)   Are there?

 

PAST: 

- SINGULAR   There was  There was not (wasn’t)      Was there?

- PLURAL      There were There were not (weren’t)   Were there?

 

^{·          There is / was are followed by uncountable or singular countable nouns}

^{·          There are / were are followed by plural countable nouns}

 

FUTURE:            There will be     There will not be        Will there be?

 

CONDITIONAL: There would be  There would not be    Would there be?

            Se traduce por el verbo impersonal HABER en español

PROJECTS 2012: 3º ESO 'IRREGULAR VERBS' IES SALADILLO - ALGECIRAS - CÁDIZ

Projects made by Amina Ammor, Claudia Gómez, José Ladrón, Mª Jesús Cote,  Melisa Ruiz, Nuria Tejado, Sonia Pacheco and Yassmina Akdi on Irregular Verbs

PROJECTS 2012: 1º ESO 'IRREGULAR VERBS' IES SALADILLO - ALGECIRAS - CÁDIZ

Projects made by Déborah Ladrón, Jennifer Rojas, Mª Carmen García and Sebastián León on Irregular Verbs

TOO / ENOUGH

TOO: It means more than is necessary or excessive. (DEMASIADO / A / OS / AS)

Too + ADJ / ADV                                         

I am too tired                           The music is too loud

He is too big                            You work too slowly

 

Too much (Uncountable):        There is too much water

Too many (Countable):           There are too many students

 

    ENOUGH:  It means sufficient. (SUFICIENTE / SUFICIENTEMENTE)

Enough + NOUN                    I have enough money

ADJ / ADV + Enough  He is tall enough to play basketball

NOT + ADJ + ENOUGH (NO SUFICIENTEMENTE / NO LO BASTANTE)

He is not tall enough to play basketball

* We use TO+Infinitive after TOO and ENOUGH

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE (ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES)

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE (ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES)

EQUAL          AS + ADJ / ADV + AS  

John is as intelligent as Mary

John eats as impulsively as Mary

INFERIOR    LESS + ADJ / ADV + THAN

John is less intelligent than Mary

John eats less impulsively than Mary

SUPERIOR    MORE + ADJ / ADV + THAN (more than 2 syllables)

John is more intelligent than Mary

John eats more impulsively than Mary

              (ADJ / ADV + ER) + THAN (only one syllable)

John is taller than Mary

John works harder than Mary

SUPERLATIVE  THE MOST + ADJ / ADV(more than 2 syllables)

John is the most intelligent boy

John works the most impulsively of all

                THE (ADJ / ADV + EST) (only one syllable)

John is the tallest boy

John works the hardest of all

* TWO SYLLABLES:

  a) -- --y          ier / iest

pretty: prettier than / the prettiest girl

  b) -- --other   more than / the most

rapid: more rapid than / the most rapid car

  c) -- --ly

ADJ (as 1 syllable)  ugly: uglier than / the ugliest cat

ADV (as 3 syllables)   quickly: more quickly than / the most quickly

IRREGULARS:

ADJ / ADV                      SUPERIOR                     SUPERLATIVE

good / well                      better                                the best

bad / badly                      worse                                the worst

many / much                   more                                 the most

few /little                        less                                   the least

old (adjective)                 older                    the oldest (things)
                                      elder                    the eldest (people)
far (adverb)                    farther                 the farthest (distance)
                                      further                 the furthest (general)

REDUPLICATION OF LAST CONSONANT:

C + ú + C --- c

DOUBLE COMPARATIVE:

a)      Continuous change: Peter was getting more and more nervous

b)      Two changes happening together: the more I read, the less I know

OTHERS:

c)      SIMILAR TO

d)     DIFFERENT FROM

PROJECTS 2012: 1º ESO 'ST VALENTINE'S DAY' IES SALADILLO - ALGECIRAS - CÁDIZ

Projects made by Adelina Espinosa, Ana R Lastra, Déborah Ladrón,  Dina Ben Aissa, Francisco J Peña, Mariana Armenta and Nossair El Idrissi on St Valentine's Day

PROJECTS 2012: 3º ESO 'ST VALENTINE'S DAY' IES SALADILLO - ALGECIRAS - CÁDIZ

Projects made by Alba Marín, Alba Ortega, Claudia Gómez, Daniel Ravé, María Luis, Marina Benítez, Nerea García and Rocío Carrascosa on ST Valentine's Day

UNITED SATES OF AMERICA

(Click on the link for checking your knowledge on geography)
http://www.xtec.net/~ealonso/flash/usa1i.html

LYRICS OF THE MONTH (Listen to this track below): 'The Twelve Days of Christmas' by Ray Conniff.

On the first day of Christmas,  my true love sent to me A partridge in a pear tree.  On the second day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. On the third day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. On the fourth day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Four calling birds, Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree.  On the fifth day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Five golden rings, Four calling birds, Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. On the sixth day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Six geese a-laying, Five golden rings, Four calling birds, Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. On the seventh day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Seven swans a-swimming, Six geese a-laying, Five golden rings, Four calling birds, Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree.  On the eighth day of Christmas, my true love sent to me   Eight maids a-milking, Seven swans a-swimming, Six geese a-laying, Five golden rings, Four calling birds, Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree.

On the ninth day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Nine ladies dancing, Eight maids a-milking, Seven swans a-swimming, Six geese a-laying, Five golden rings, Four calling birds, Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. On the tenth day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Ten lords a-leaping, Nine ladies dancing, Eight maids a-milking, Seven swans a-swimming, Six geese a-laying, Five golden rings, Four calling birds, Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. On the eleventh day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Eleven pipers piping, Ten lords a-leaping, Nine ladies dancing, Eight maids a-milking, Seven swans a-swimming, Six geese a-laying, Five golden rings, Four calling birds, Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. On the twelfth day of Christmas, my true love sent to me Twelve drummers drumming, Eleven pipers piping, Ten lords a-leaping, Nine ladies dancing, Eight maids a-milking, Seven swans a-swimming, Six geese a-laying, Five golden rings, Four calling birds, Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree!