AFFIXATION

AFFIXATION

PREFIXES:

Prefixes are added to the BEGINNING of words to form new words. They normally change the meaning of the word but not the type of word.

1) NEGATIVE:

·        UN                  unable / unbelievable / unfair / unsuccessful

·        NON              non-smoker / non-fiction / nonconformist / non-essential

·        IN                   incorrect / insane / incomplete / inevitable

·        IM (+ m/p)     immature / immigration / impolite / impossible

·        IL (+ l)            illegal / illicit / illogical / illusion

·         IR (+ r)          irrational / irregular / irrelevant / irresistible

·        DIS                 disconnect / dishonest / dislike / dissatisfied                  

2) OTHERS:

·        INTER           interactive / intercontinental / international / interweave

·        RE                  react / re-use / rebuild / recycle

·        CYBER          cyberspace / cybercafé / cyberpunk / cybernetic

·        ANTI              anticlimax / anti-nuclear / anti-racist / antisocial

·        SUPER           supermarket / supernatural / supersonic / superstar

·        OVER                        overconfident / overeat / overact / overpopulated

·        UNDER         undercook / undercharge / underestimate / understatement

·        EXTRA          extracurricular / extraordinary / extraterrestrial

·        MIS                misbehave / misconception / misunderstand

·        PRE                pre-Christmas / pre-Raphaelite / pre-war

·        POST             postgraduate / postmodern / post-war

SUFFIXES:

We add suffixes to the END of words to make new words.. They usually change the type of the word, for example nation (noun), national (adjective), nationally (adverb).

1) NOUNS:

A) MADE FROM NOUNS

·        IST                 artist / pianist / racist / scientist

·        SHIP              citizenship / membership / friendship / championship

·        DOM              freedom / kingdom / stardom / wisdom

·        FUL                spoonful / mouthful / houseful / eyeful

 

B) MADE FROM VERBS

·        A/E NT           assistant / immigrant / student / absorbent

·        ATION           examination / imagination / organization / improvisation

·        ER / OR         driver / teacher / actor / conductor

·        EE                  employee / trainee / addressee / attendee

·        ION                action / connection / exhibition / confrontation

·         MENT           achievement / amusement / development / improvement

·        ISM                capitalism / socialism / criticism / terrorism

·        ING                dancing / handwriting / building / beginning

            C) MADE FROM ADJECTIVES

·        E/I TY anxiety / safety / activity / reality

·        NESS             illness / loneliness / weakness / emptiness

·        ENCE            confidence / difference / intelligence / violence

·        TH                  warmth / strength / truth / youth

2) ADJECTIVES:

            A) MADE FROM NOUNS

·        FUL                careful / powerful / useful / beautiful

·        LESS              careless / powerless / useless / colourless

·        EN                  wooden / golden / woollen / silken

·        ED                  annoyed / delighted / coloured / hooded

·        ING                annoying / delighting / boring / charming

·        AL                  accidental / environmental / musical / national

·        Y                     cloudy / dirty / lucky / wealthy 

B) MADE FROM VERBS

·        IVE                 active / attractive / creative / effective

·        ABLE             acceptable / believable / questionable / desirable

·        IBLE              accessible / convertible / digestible / edible

·        ED                  balanced / shaped / disappointed / stressed

3) ADVERBS:

            A) MADE FROM NOUNS

·        LY                  weekly / daily / monthly / noisily

 

B) MADE FROM ADJECTIVES

·        LY                   carefully /powerfully / happily / quickly

MISTAKES IN COMPOSITIONS

MAIN MISTAKES IN COMPOSITIONS

1.                  Adjective always before noun and with neither number nor gender

2.                  The order of an English statement is always SUBJECT + VERB + (COMPLEMENTS)

3.                  The order of an English question is always (WH-?) + AUXILIARY + SUBJECT + VERB + (COMPLEMENT) + ?

4.                  COMPARATIVE: MORE + ADJECTIVE  / ADJECTIVE + ER

SUPERLATIVE: THE MOST + ADJECTIVE / THE + ADJECTIVE + EST

5.                   PERSON = singular / PEOPLE = plural

6.                   THEN/ LATER                            AFTER + Noun / V-ing

PREVIOUSLY                             BEFORE + Noun / V-ing

7.                   Present Simple:                      Do not recycle = Don't recycle (*Don't recycling)

8.                   There are two reasons WHY people don't recycle:

ONE / TWO    FIRST / SECOND      ON the one hand / ON the other hand

9.                  AVOID / ENJOY + V-ING:      Avoid making repetitions / Enjoy doing the exam

10.               There will be no oil / There won't be any oil / Oil will be finished / Oil is becoming exhausted

11.               In order to / to / so as to + BARE FORM

In order that / so that + SENTENCE (Verb = MODAL ---- COULD / SHOULD / WOULD)

12.               RECYCLE = VERB / RECYCLING = NOUN

13.               3rd sing pres per: He doesn't / I don't + Verb (I don't do my bed / he doesn't do his test) (* we eats)

14.               MODAL / TO always followed by BASE form

15.               GIVING EXAMPLES: such as / as / like / for example / for instance

16.               All the people = PLURAL      Everyone / Everybody = SINGULAR

17.               TO = PARA QUE / NOT TO = PARA QUE NO: People want the planet not to suffer from pollution

18.               2 subjects IMPOSSIBLE.

19.               A + VOWEL ------ AN.          A / AN always followed by SINGULAR

20.               Due to the fact that + Sentence

21.               A lot of people think (PLURAL) / A lot of bread costs (SINGULAR)

22.               ADJECTIVE always followed by noun: Organic and inorganic rubbish

23.               1^st Cond Sent (PRESENT with "s" if 3^rd sing per): If the planet suffers, we will suffer too.

24.               COHERENCE: If you use the PRESENT SIMPLE, keep on using it, not change to PAST. If you use I, keep on using I.

25.               (*ACTUALLY / these days) ---------- AT PRESENT, NOWADAYS, TODAY

26.               SAXON GENITIVE with PEOPLE -------- The teenagers' lifestyle (*The style of the teenagers)

27.               The final example of a series with AND.

28.               Do not use THE article when generalizing: Students in Spain.

29.               Don't invent words, if not sure use synonyms: *saludable - healthy / sane / profitable / good / etc.

30.               Avoid using Spanish.

31.               Avoid particular references: I usually swim at 'Macarena' swimming-pool.

 

Classroom Language

FIRST TERM

1)     What’s the date today? Today / It is …

2)     What’s your name? My name is… / It is …

3)     What time is it? / What’s the time?

4)     May I come in, please? Yes, you may / No, you may not

5)     Can I go to the toilet, please? Yes, you can / No, you cannot

6)     Could you repeat, please? Yes, I of course / No, later

7)     Have you got any doubts / questions? No, we haven’t / Yes, could you repeat, please?

8)     Could you help me with this exercise, please? Yes, of course / No, later

9)     How do you say ‘puerta’ in English? It is ‘door’

10) Stand up + Sit down + Raise your hand

 

SECOND TERM

11) Open your books on page number x and do exercise number y

12) How do you spell ‘strawberry’? It is s-t-r-a-w-b-e-double r-y

13) You have two minutes left. Oh, dear! / Oh my god!

14) Who wants to come out?

15) We’ll continue next week.

16) Let’s check the answer.

17) Give short answers to the following questions.

18) Have a try!

19) Match these sentences with the right picture.

20) Have you all finished?

THIRD TERM

21)     Are there any words you don’t know the meaning of?

22)     Put a tick by the true sentences and a cross by the false ones.

23)     Shall I start?

24)     Listen to the tape once again.

25)     You will have to share a copy.

 

What can you do to have a healthy life? (SELECTIVIDAD)

What can you do to have a healthy life? (154)

I personally think that, in order to have a healthy life, the most important thing is to do some sport regularly. Of course, you must also eat properly, not smoke, not drink much alcohol and, above all, not take any kind of drugs.

We know it is difficult not to eat fast food, no to have some cold beers when it is hot in the summer, not to smoke a cigarette with your friends outside the disco or something worse. But everybody must agree they are not good for your health and can be even dangerous. Despite this fact, the pollution and the speed we notice in modern huge cities contribute to the harmful risk factors we undergo every day.

So, and if we want to have quality life standards, it is unavoidable to do some exercise since it is the only way we have to diminish the damages we are always exposed to.